Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) are 20–29-residue sequence motifs present in a number of
proteins with diverse functions. The primary function of these motifs appears to be to provide …

NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) proteins are members of a family that
includes the apoptosis regulator APAF1 (apoptotic protease activating factor 1), mammalian …

A newly discovered family of cytoplasmic proteins—the NALPs—has been implicated in the
activation of caspase-1 by the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) during the cell's response to …

The presentation of peptides to T cells by MHC class II molecules is of critical importance in
specific recognition by the immune system. Expression of class II molecules is exquisitely …

Using sequence profile analysis and sequence-based structure predictions, we define a
previously unrecognized, widespread class of P-loop NTPases. The signal transduction …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are two major forms of innate
immune sensors, which provide immediate responses against pathogenic invasion or tissue …

▪ Abstract The newly discovered CATERPILLER (CLR) gene family encodes proteins with a
variable but limited number of N-terminal domains, followed by a nucleotide-binding domain …

The innate immune system is the most ancestral and ubiquitous system of defence against
microbial infection. The microbial sensing proteins involved in innate immunity recognize …

The newly described CATERPILLER family (also known as NOD-LRR or NACHT-LRR) is
comprised of proteins with a nucleotide-binding domain and a leucine-rich region. This …

Our understanding of innate immunity in mammals has greatly expanded following the
discovery of the family of membrane-bound receptors, called the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …