The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

INTRODUCTION Sleep homeostasis, the balance between the duration of sleep and
wakefulness, is a fundamental feature of the sleep-wake cycle. During wakefulness, sleep …

▪ Abstract Synaptic transmission is a dynamic process. Postsynaptic responses wax and
wane as presynaptic activity evolves. This prominent characteristic of chemical synaptic …

Extracellular purines (adenosine, ADP, and ATP) and pyrimidines (UDP and UTP) are
important signaling molecules that mediate diverse biological effects via cellsurface …

Background In the past decade research has shown that continuous (cTBS) and intermittent
theta burst stimulation (iTBS) alter neuronal excitability levels in the primary motor cortex …

1. Introduction 2. Modulation of EEG slow wave activity 2.1. Synchronized~ s
desynchronized EEG states 2.2. Adenosine and K+ conductance 2.3. Experimental findings …

Various pain therapies have been developed on the basis of the gate control theory of pain,
which postulates that nonpainful sensory inputs mediated by large-diameter afferent fibers …

Adenosine has several functions within the CNS that involve an inhibitory tone of
neurotransmission and neuroprotective actions in pathological conditions. The …

A. Cellular and Subcellular Localization B. Pharmacological Tools to Study Adenosine
Receptors C. Signaling Via Adenosine Receptors D. Regulation of Receptor Expression and …