Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder with devastating personal, societal, and economic
consequences. In humans, early‐life adversity (ELA) such as trauma, neglect, and resource …

Biological sex disparities manifest at various stages of drug addiction, including craving,
substance abuse, abstinence, and relapse. These discrepancies are underpinned by …

Cocaine addiction is a devastating public health epidemic that continues to grow. Studies
focused on identifying biological factors influencing cocaine craving and relapse …

Exposure to intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases the vulnerability of mice to
the rewarding effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm …

Gender is considered as a pivotal determinant of mental health. Indeed, several psychiatric
disorders such as anxiety and depression are more common and persistent in women than …

Women acquire cocaine habits faster and are more motivated to obtain drug than men. In
general, female rodents acquire intravenous cocaine self-administration (SA) faster and …

Abstract Brain and Muscle Arnt-like Protein 1 (BMAL1) is an essential component of the
molecular clock underlying circadian rhythmicity. Its function has been recently associated …

Adverse experience in early life can affect the formation of neuronal circuits during postnatal
development and exert long-lasting influences on neural functions that can lead to the …

Rationale The combination of several risk factors (sex, a prior underlying psychiatric
condition, or early drug initiation) could induce the emergence of negative affect during …

Early‐life stress (ELS) is associated with negative consequences, including maladaptive
long‐lasting brain effects. These alterations seem to increase the likelihood of developing …