The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a critical role in the processing and execution of motivated
behaviors. Yet this brain region is often overlooked in published discussions of the …

Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to
study the motivational effects of drugs and non‐drug treatments in experimental animals …

In recent years the ventral pallidum has become a focus of great research interest as a
mechanism of reward and incentive motivation. As a major output for limbic signals, the …

A long-standing relationship between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and
cognition exists. Drugs that act at nAChRs can have cognitive-enhancing effects and …

Methamphetamine (METH) causes irreversible damage to brain cells leading to
neurological and psychiatric abnormalities. However, the mechanisms underlying life …

The brain reward circuitry plays a key role in emotional and motivational behaviors, and its
dysfunction underlies neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and …

The hippocampus is believed to play a role in processing information relative to the context
in which emotionally salient experiences occur but evidence on the specific contribution of …

Methamphetamine affects the hippocampus, a brain region crucial for learning and memory,
as well as relapse to drug seeking. Rats self-administered methamphetamine for 1 h twice …

Drug-related behaviors in both humans and rodents are commonly thought to arise from
aberrant learning processes. Preclinical studies demonstrate that the acquisition and …

BACKGROUND: Social interaction can serve as a natural reward that attenuates drug
reward in rats; however, it is unknown if age or housing conditions alter the choice between …