Light contains both spin and orbital angular momentum. Despite contributing equally to the
total photonic angular momentum, these components derive from quite different parts of the …

Spin angular momentum of a photon corresponds to a polarisation degree of freedom of
lights, and such that various polarisation properties are coming from macroscopic …

Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of photons are ubiquitously used for numerous
applications. However, there is a fundamental question whether photonic OAM operators …

We numerically demonstrate that a planar slab made of magnetic Weyl semimetal (a class of
topological materials) can emit high-purity circularly polarized (CP) thermal radiation over a …

The speed of light (c) in a vacuum is independent of the choice of frames to describe the
propagation, according to the theory of relativity. We consider how light is characterised in a …

Stokes parameters (S) on the Poincaré sphere are very useful values to describe the
polarisation state of photons. However, the fundamental principle on the nature of …

Classical structured light with controlled polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM)
of electromagnetic waves has varied applications in optical trapping, bio-sensing, optical …

Twisted photons with finite orbital angular momentum have a distinct mode profile with
topological charge at the center of the mode while propagating in a certain direction. Each …

Abstract Spatiotemporal Optical Vortices (STOVs) are structured electromagnetic fields
propagating in free space with phase singularities in the space-time domain. Depending on …

The polarization state is described by a quantum mechanical two-level system, which is
known as special unitary group of degree 2 [SU (2)]. Polarization is attributed to an internal …