Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in
cancer, clinical studies of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-targeted monotherapies have been …

Recent advances in our understanding of tissue regeneration and the development of
efficient approaches to induce and differentiate pluripotent stem cells for cell replacement …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a potent enhancer of tissue regeneration, and its
overexpression in muscle injury leads to hastened resolution of the inflammatory phase …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous
system. Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are reduced in frequency and dysfunctional in …

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a critical regulator of skeletal development that promotes both
bone formation and bone resorption. Using microbiota depletion by wide-spectrum …

Appropriate balance of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells maintains immune
tolerance and host defense. Disruption of Th17-Treg cell balance is implicated in a number …

Background The insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway has a major role in the regulation of
longevity both in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian species, ie, reduced activity of …

The signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor (InsR) are some of the most
evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate organism longevity and metabolism. InsR …

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is upregulated in both childhood and adult malignancies.
Its overexpression is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and worse prognosis …

The recent precipitous rise in autoimmune diseases is placing an increasing clinical and
economic burden on health systems worldwide. Current therapies are only moderately …