Our understanding of the role of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) has evolved as technology
has advanced, in part due to cell-specific studies and complex behavioral assays. This is …

The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is widely implicated as a structure that integrates
both appetitive and aversive stimuli. While intrinsic CeA microcircuits primarily consist of …

Background Anxiety disorders are associated with an altered perception of the body's
internal state. Therefore, understanding the neuronal basis of interoception can foster novel …

Background Imaging migraine premonitory studies show increased midbrain activation
consistent with the ventral tegmental area, an area involved in pain modulation and hedonic …

Background and Purpose A major problem managing alcohol use disorder is the high
vulnerability to relapse, even after long periods of abstinence. Chronic alcohol use …

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a devastating illness defined by periods of heavy drinking and
withdrawal, often leading to a chronic relapsing course. Initially, alcohol is consumed for its …

Background Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, and they are
highly comorbid with chronic pain conditions. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is …

BackgroundPituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is involved in the
stress response and may play a key role in mood disorders, but no information is available …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is a highly conserved and widely
expressed neuropeptide that has emerged as a key regulator of multiple neural and …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic polypeptide that
can activate G protein-coupled PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 receptors, and has been …