Folding may be described conceptually in terms of trajectories over a landscape of free
energies corresponding to different molecular configurations. In practice, energy landscapes …

Highlights•Optical tweezers provide a sensitive tool to probe structural dynamics.•Native and
non-native folding can be characterized in detail.•Effects of intermolecular interactions on …

The RNA pseudoknot that stimulates programmed ribosomal frameshifting in SARS-CoV-2
is a possible drug target. To understand how it responds to mechanical tension applied by …

Transition paths are the trajectories followed during the fleeting moments when molecular
structure changes during folding reactions. Because they provide a direct look at the …

Riboswitches are cis-acting gene-regulatory RNA elements that can function at the level of
transcription, translation and RNA cleavage,,. The commonly accepted molecular …

Recurrent neural networks have led to breakthroughs in natural language processing and
speech recognition. Here we show that recurrent networks, specifically long short-term …

Unusual knot-like structures recently discovered in viral exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs
(xrRNAs) prevent digestion by host RNases to create subgenomic RNAs enhancing …

Protein folding is described conceptually in terms of diffusion over a configurational free-
energy landscape, typically reduced to a one-dimensional profile along a reaction …

Riboswitches are mRNA elements capable of modulating gene expression in response to
specific binding by cellular metabolites. Riboswitches exert their function through the …

Protein folding features a diffusive search over a multidimensional energy landscape in
conformational space for the minimum-energy structure. Experiments, however, are usually …