The identification of novel targets for antimicrobial agents is crucial for combating infectious
diseases caused by evolving bacterial pathogens. Components of bacterial toxin–antitoxin …

The dynamic host environment presents a significant hurdle that pathogenic bacteria must
overcome to survive and cause diseases. Consequently, these organisms have evolved …

Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem which may be caused by bacterial dormancy. It
has been suggested that bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems induce dormancy. We analyzed …

Bacterial type I toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread, and consist of a stable toxic
peptide whose expression is monitored by a labile RNA antitoxin. We characterized …

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems consist of toxin-inhibiting diverse cellular functions (eg, DNA
replication, transcription, and translation) and a noncoding RNA or protein antitoxin. TA …

Bacterial toxin‐antitoxin (TA) systems consist of a toxin that inhibits essential cellular
processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, or ATP synthesis, and an …

A crucial bacterial strategy to avoid killing by antibiotics is to enter a growth arrested state,
yet the molecular mechanisms behind this process remain elusive. The conditional …

Bacterial cells respond to environmental stresses by modulating their gene expression and
adjusting their proteome. In Staphylococcus aureus, selective degradation by ClpP protease …

Background The formation of persister cells is the main reason for persistent infections. They
are associated with antibiotic treatment failure and subsequently chronic infection. The study …

Materials and Methods: The colony-forming unit (CFU) was used to determine the effects of
thermal and oxidative stresses on bacterial survival. Moreover, the expressions of TA system …