With less than a million neurons, the western honeybee Apis mellifera is capable of complex
olfactory behaviors and provides an ideal model for investigating the neurophysiology of the …

Odour processing exhibits multiple parallels between vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory
systems. Insects, in particular, have emerged as relevant models for olfactory studies …

The mechanism by which the chemical identity of odourants is established by olfactory
receptors is a matter of intense debate. Here we present an overview of recent ideas and …

Exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides is considered one of the possible causes of honeybee
(Apis mellifera) population decline. At sublethal doses, these chemicals have been shown to …

Odorants are coded in the primary olfactory processing centers by spatially and temporally
distributed patterns of glomerular activity. Whereas the spatial distribution of odorant …

Communication is essential for social animals, but deciding how to utilize information
provided by conspecifics is a complex process that depends on environmental and intrinsic …

In 1929 Hans Berger discovered the alpha oscillations: prominent, ongoing oscillations
around 10 Hz in the electroencephalogram of the human brain. These alpha oscillations are …

Repeated or prolonged exposure to an odorant without any positive or negative
reinforcement produces experience-dependent plasticity, which results in habituation and …

Simple Summary In this work, we imaged the neuronal activity in the peripheral olfactory
system of honey bees, the antennal lobes. Instead of the conventional analysis that focuses …

This chapter describes how to apply two-photon neuroimaging to study the insect olfactory
system in vivo. It provides a complete protocol for insect brain functional imaging, with some …