The resurgence of interest in anhedonia within major depression has been fuelled by
clinical trials demonstrating its utility in predicting antidepressant response as well as recent …

A markedly reduced interest or pleasure in activities previously considered pleasurable is a
main symptom in mood disorder and psychosis and is often present in other psychiatric …

Despite numerous studies on the neurobiology of depression, the etiological and
pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder remain poorly understood. A large number …

The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has high validity but has in the past
been criticized for being difficult to replicate. However, a large number of recent publications …

Rationale The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was first described almost 40 years ago
and has become a widely used model in the search for antidepressant drugs for major …

The ability to modify mice genetically has been one of the major breakthroughs in modern
medical science affecting every discipline including psychiatry. It is hoped that the …

In order to develop a model for a depression-like syndrome in mice, we subjected male
C57BL/6 mice to a 4-week-long chronic stress procedure, consisting of rat exposure …

Abnormal gut microbiome has been associated with depression. The mechanism of
probiotics against depression remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether …

The chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm is extensively used in preclinical
research. However, CUS exhibits translational inconsistencies, some of them resulting from …

Many symptoms of human depressive disorders are also observed in animals after exposure
to unpredictable stressors. The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was developed in order …