Despite widespread clinical use of antimalarial drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and
chloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus …

A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, has swept
across 31 provinces in China and over 40 countries worldwide. The transition from first …

Glomerular disease, be it primary or secondary, occurring in the setting of systemic
autoimmune diseases, infections, drugs, or malignancy, affects individuals of all ages. In …

The world is engulfed by one of the most widespread and significant public health crises in
decades as COVID-19 has become among the leading causes of death internationally. The …

Our objective was to update the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE), based on emerging new evidence. We performed a systematic …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a worldwide chronic autoimmune disease which
may affect every organ and tissue. Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and the …

The antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has demonstrated several crucial properties for
the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we reviewed the main HCQ …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), currently a worldwide pandemic, is a viral illness
caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The …

The process of finding new therapeutic indications for currently used drugs, defined as
'repurposing', is receiving growing attention. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, with an …

The recognition of invading pathogens and endogenous molecules from damaged tissues
by toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers protective self-defense mechanisms. However …