Since the 1980s, schools across the United States have become increasingly punitive in
their responses to student misconduct, leading to the “criminalization of school …

Judges often use parental presence to support the validity of youth Miranda waivers, despite
a lack of supporting research. Research on factors that influence parents' behavior during …

Custodial police interrogations are high-stakes social interactions that can result in serious
legal consequences for adolescent suspects. Psychological research on youths' immature …

Although many jurisdictions assume that the presence of a parent during youth interrogation
protects the child's rights, research on factors that influence parents' behavior and advice is …

Courts often assume that youth and adult suspects are equally capable of making decisions
about whether to talk to police officers—decisions that carry serious long-term …

Numerous states require parental notification, consent, or involvement in police
interrogations of juvenile suspects, presumably to advocate for youths' rights and protect …

We examined the role of advice on juvenile defendants' plea decisions. We analyzed data
from interviews with 1,216 13-to 17-year-old male youth within 6 weeks of the disposition …

(1) Youth are particularly vulnerable to making suboptimal legal decisions due to added
challenges in comprehension, as well as their ongoing neurological development.(2) This …

Adolescent suspects' developmental immaturity renders them more susceptible than adults
to unreliable and involuntary confessions. Defense attorneys can mitigate youths' …

Comprehensive protection of minors is one of the priority areas of criminal law policy. The
pre-trial investigation, and their interrogation as its part, occupies a special place in the …