Toll like receptors (TLRs) are present in many different fish families from several different
orders, including cyprinid, salmonid, perciform, pleuronectiform and gadiform …

Understanding the mechanisms that underpin pathogen recognition and subsequent
orchestration of the immune response in fish is an area of significant importance for both …

Immunostimulant effects of the dietary Spirulina (Spirulina plantensis) were studied in carp,
Cyprinus carpio. For this purpose, fish were fed with Spirulina and the parameters of non …

One hundred and eighty Nile tilapia fish were used in eighty-three-day growth trial. Fish
were divided into three treatment groups. The first group T0 was given the basal diet without …

This study investigates the effects of date palm extracts [DPE](Phoenix dactylifera L.
Arecaceae) on growth, immune function and antioxidant system in common carp fingerlings …

Cytokines are important regulators of the immune system and investigation of their functions
may prove useful for the development of vaccines and immunostimulants for aquaculture …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 cDNA and gene were cloned from Japanese flounder, Paralichthys
olivaceus. The Japanese flounder TLR9 cDNA encodes 1065 amino acids. The leucine-rich …

Catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) are capable of specifically cleaving RNA molecules, a property
that enables them to act as potential antiviral and anti-cancer agents, as well as powerful …

Background The response of the trout, O. mykiss, head kidney to bacterial
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or active and attenuated infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus …

Vibrio harveyi is an opportunistic pathogen among aquatic organisms, which can cause
disease and even death of the cultured tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes). Vaccination is one of …