Impurity doping is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to
their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been …

Biomedical fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 100–1700 nm) window
provides great potential for visualizing physiological and pathological processes, owing to …

Molecular activatable probes with near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence play a critical role in in
vivo imaging of biomarkers for drug screening and disease diagnosis. With structural …

Optical imaging plays a crucial role in biomedicine. However, due to strong light scattering
and autofluorescence in biological tissue between 650–900 nm, conventional optical …

Photoluminescence (PL) imaging has become a fundamental tool in disease diagnosis,
therapeutic evaluation, and surgical navigation applications. However, it remains a big …

Nanoparticles have been widely used in tumor targeted drug delivery, while the antitumor
effects are not always satisfactory due to the limited penetration and retention. As we all …

Killing tumor cells with a visualized system is a promising strategy in tumor therapy to
achieve minimal side effects and high efficiency. Herein, a theranostic nanomedicine …

Fluorescence imaging has made tremendous inroads toward understanding the complexity
of biological systems, but in vivo deep-tissue imaging remains a great challenge due to the …

Real-time monitoring of vessel dysfunction is of great significance in preclinical research.
Optical bioimaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window provides advantages …

Theranostic systems combining fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window
(NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) and photothermal therapy (PTT) under safe laser fluence have great …