Urban air pollution represents one of the greatest environmental challenges facing mankind
in the 21st century. 1, 2 Noticeably, many developing countries, such as China and India …

Significance: Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a leading cause of global cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality. Understanding the biological action of PM is of particular importance …

Abstract In China, over 1.3 billion people have high health risks associated with exposure to
ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) that exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) …

Black carbon aerosol plays a unique and important role in Earth's climate system. Black
carbon is a type of carbonaceous material with a unique combination of physical properties …

Abstract The World Health Organization estimates that particulate matter (PM) air pollution
contributes to approximately 800,000 premature deaths each year, ranking it the 13th …

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex, heterogeneous mixture that changes in time and
space. It encompasses many different chemical components and physical characteristics …

In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on “Air Pollution and
Cardiovascular Disease” concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution …

Background: Current air quality standards for particulate matter (PM) use the PM mass
concentration [PM with aerodynamic diameters≤ 10 μm (PM10) or≤ 2.5 μm (PM2. 5)] as a …

In this review, we elucidate the central role played by fossil fuel combustion in the health-
related effects that have been associated with inhalation of ambient fine particulate matter …

Air pollution is now fully acknowledged to be a public health problem and a social issue.
Particulate matter (PM) concentration has been linked with several clinical manifestations of …