The alphaviruses are a genus of 26 enveloped viruses that cause disease in humans and
domestic animals. Mosquitoes or other hematophagous arthropods serve as vectors for …

Alphaviruses cause severe human illnesses including persistent arthritis and fatal
encephalitis. As alphavirus entry into target cells is the first step in infection, intensive …

Mammalian cells take up extracellular material by a variety of different mechanisms that are
collectively termed endocytosis. Endocytic mechanisms serve many important cellular …

Adenoviruses enter their host cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and acid-activated
penetration from endosomes into the cytosol and deliver their DNA genome into the nucleus …

Liposomes are being increasingly utilized to deliver drugs, enzymes, antisense
oligonucleotides, and genes to various therapeutic targets. Liposome-mediated delivery of …

ABSTRACT The pathway of West Nile flavivirus early internalization events was mapped in
detail in this study. Overexpression of dominant-negative mutants of Eps15 strongly inhibits …

Members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family, including LDLRAD3, VLDLR,
and ApoER2, were recently described as entry factors for different alphaviruses. However …

Common themes are emerging from the study of viral, cell-cell, intracellular, and liposome
fusion. Viral and cellular membrane fusion events are mediated by fusion proteins or fusion …

Rubella virus (RV) is the causative agent of the disease known more popularly as German
measles. Rubella is predominantly a childhood disease and is endemic throughout the …

The flavivirus envelope protein E undergoes irreversible conformational changes at a mildly
acidic pH which are believed to be necessary for membrane fusion in endosomes. In this …