A comprehensive understanding of the origin and spread of plastids remains an important
yet elusive goal in the field of eukaryotic evolution. Combined with the discovery of new …

Many non-photosynthetic species of protists and metazoans are capable of hosting viable
algal endosymbionts or their organelles through adaptations of phagocytic pathways. A form …

Symbiosis of green algae with protozoa and invertebrates has been studied for more than
100 years. Endosymbiotic green algae are widely distributed in ciliates (eg Paramecium …

Green algae represent a key segment of the global species capable of photoautotrophic‐
driven biological carbon fixation. Algae partition fixed‐carbon into chemical compounds …

Species of the genus Coleps are one of the most common planktonic ciliates in lake
ecosystems. The study aimed to identify the phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability of …

The demonstration of a mutualistic interaction requires evidence of benefits for both partners
as well as stability of the association over multiple generations. A synthetic mutualism …

Many ciliates acquire the capacity for photosynthesis through stealing plastids or harboring
intact endosymbiotic algae. Both phenomena are a form of mixotrophy and are widespread …

Mutual interactions in the form of symbioses can increase the fitness of organisms and
provide them with the capacity to occupy new ecological niches. The formation of obligate …

We report a summary of the symposium “Stress and Protists: No life without stress”, which
was held in September 2015 on the VII European Congress of Protistology in partnership …

The endosymbiotic origin of plastids (chloroplasts) from cyanobacteria was a pivotal event in
eukaryotic evolution. By giving certain eukaryotes the ability to carry out photosynthesis it …