Regulatory T cells are usually recognized as a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells
functioning in establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance. Meanwhile, there is …

Connexins, in particular connexin 43 (Cx43), function as gap junction channels (GJCs) and
hemichannels (HCs). Only recently, specific tools have been developed to study their …

T regulatory (Treg) cells are one of the key players in the immune tolerance network, and a
plethora of manuscripts have described their development and function in the course of the …

The physiological role of T cell anergy induction as a key mechanism supporting self-
tolerance remains undefined, and natural antigens that induce anergy are largely unknown …

Background/Aims: Changes in cell-to-cell communication have been linked to several
secondary complications of diabetes, but the mechanism by which connexins affect disease …

Connexin-mediated intercellular communication mechanisms include bidirectional cell-to-
cell coupling by gap junctions and release/influx of molecules by hemichannels. These …

The immunological synapse (IS) is an intercellular communication platform, organized at the
contact site of two adjacent cells, where at least one is an immune cell. Functional IS …

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the working age population.
Unfortunately, there is no cure for this devastating ocular complication. The early stage of …

Gap junctions (GJs)-mediated intercellular communications (GJICs) are connexin (Cx)-
formed plasma membrane channels that allow for the passage of small molecules between …

Immune system dysfunction causes dysregulation of immune homeostasis, which in turn
leads to autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized T cell …