Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13 C) of terrestrial plants are employed across a diverse
range of applications in environmental and plant sciences; however, the kind of information …

The use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen to study physiological
processes has increased exponentially in the past three decades. When Harmon Craig …

A broad compilation of modern carbon isotope compositions in all C3 plant types shows a
monotonic increase in δ 13C with decreasing mean annual precipitation (MAP) that differs …

Generations of plant scientists have been fascinated by alpine plant life-with the exposure of
organisms to dramatic climatic gradients over a very short distance. This comprehensive text …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physiological causes and ecological
consequences of inherent variation in growth rate among higher plants. When grown under …

The natural and stable isotopes of carbon vary in systematic ways largely determined by the
photosynthetic pathway (C 3 or C 4) which fixes atmospheric CO 2 into organic matter …

In an earlier paper we provided evidence that carbon isotope discrimination during
photosynthesis of terrestrial C3 plants decreases with altitude, and it was found that this was …

Elevational gradients are often used to quantify how traits of plant species respond to abiotic
and biotic environmental variations. Yet, such analyses are frequently restricted spatially …

Are plants at high altitudes short in nutrients? In order to answer this question the mineral
nutrient content of leaves from over 150 plant species from 9 different mountain areas of all …

Cocoa is a high-value commodity that appeals to the consumer's taste, but it is also
renowned for its antioxidant and healthy properties. Many of these characteristics as well as …