Rare earth elements (REEs) are considered critical metals globally. About 62% of the global
resources of REEs occur associated with carbonatites and alkaline complexes. However …

Niobium is a critical metal in high demand because of technological advances and the
supply risk created by the fact that over 90% of its production is by a single country (Brazil) …

Many rare earth element (REE) deposits have experienced multistage geological
enrichment processes resulting in REE bearing mineral assemblages of considerable …

For over 50 years, Mesozoic tholeiites, kimberlites and carbonatites from the South
American platform have been enabled the understanding of melting processes in the Earth's …

Mesozoic diamondiferous lamproite pipes occur along the Kapamba River within the
Luangwa Valley of eastern Zambia, which is a ca. 300–200 Ma old Karoo-age precursor …

This paper reviews general aspects of alkaline-carbonatitic rocks of Brazilian, Paraguayan
and Bolivian terrains. Although 30 such occurrences are known in literature, only the major …

The carbonatite-related Nb deposits of the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (APIP) in
central Brazil, currently account for∼ 92% of the global Nb production. In the APIP …

Abstract The Neoproterozoic St Honoré carbonatite complex is one of three currently mined
niobium deposits. In these and most other carbonatite-hosted niobium deposits, pyrochlore …

The Vuoriyarvi Devonian carbonatite–ijolite–pyroxenite–olivinite complex comprises several
carbonatite fields: Neske Vara, Tukhta-Vara, and Petyayan-Vara. The most common …

Kimberlitic, kamafugitic and alkaline-carbonatitic (KKAC) rocks have been proposed to be
directly related to supercontinent cycles. However, the hybrid nature of KKAC magmas …