Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Synthetic biology applies genetic tools to engineer living cells and organisms analogous to
the programming of machines. In materials synthetic biology, engineering principles from …

Bioprinting researchers agree that “printability” is a key characteristic for bioink
development, but neither the meaning of the term nor the best way to experimentally …

Since “click” chemistry was first reported in 2001, it has remained a popular research topic in
the field of chemistry due to its high yield without byproducts, fast reaction rate, simple …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are non-infectious self-assembling nanoparticles, useful in
medicine and nanotechnology. Their repetitive molecularly-defined architecture is attractive …

Much of life's complexity depends upon contacts between proteins with precise affinity and
specificity. The successful application of engineered proteins often depends on high-stability …

Proteins span an extraordinary range of shapes, sizes and functionalities. Therefore generic
approaches are needed to overcome this diversity and stream-line protein analysis or …

The conjugation of biomolecules can impart materials with the bioactivity necessary to
modulate specific cell behaviors. While the biological roles of particular polypeptide …

Mechanical signals are increasingly recognized as overarching regulators of cell behaviour,
controlling stemness, organoid biology, tissue development and regeneration. Moreover …

Programmed connection of amino acids or nucleotides into chains introduced a revolution in
control of biological function. Reacting proteins together is more complex because of the …