This literature review examines social scientific evidence regarding the existence, causes,
and effects of online echo chambers in the context of concerns about digital platforms …

People have a tendency to disregard information that contradicts their partisan or ideological
identity. This inclination can become especially striking when citizens reject notions that …

American political observers express increasing concern about affective polarization, ie,
partisans' resentment toward political opponents. We advance debates about America's …

Affective polarization captures the extent to which citizens feel sympathy towards partisan in-
groups and antagonism towards partisan out-groups. This is comparatively easy to assess in …

We measure trends in affective polarization in twelve OECD countries over the past four
decades. According to our baseline estimates, the United States experienced the largest …

Why do voters vote for undemocratic politicians in a democracy? My chief contention is that
affective polarization has become a primary factor driving support for undemocratic …

Affective polarization, or antipathy between the supporters of opposing political camps, is
documented to be on the rise in the United States and elsewhere. At the same time, there …

Do populist radical right (PRR) parties fuel affective polarization? If so, how and under which
circumstances? Based on a comparative cross-country analysis covering 103 elections in 28 …

The COVID-19 crisis has demanded that governments take restrictive measures that are
abnormal for most representative democracies. This article aims to examine the …

Fundamental transformations of underlying cleavage structures in advanced democracies
should become evident in new collective identities. This article uses quantitative text …