Undulatory swimming represents an ideal behavior to investigate locomotion control and the
role of the underlying central and peripheral components in the spinal cord. Many vertebrate …

How do four-legged animals adapt their locomotion to the environment? How do central and
peripheral mechanisms interact within the spinal cord to produce adaptive locomotion and …

The ability to generate and control locomotor movements depends on complex interactions
between many areas of the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, and the …

A milestone in vertebrate evolution, the transition from water to land, owes its success to the
development of a sprawling body plan that enabled an amphibious lifestyle. The body …

The control of movement in living organisms represents a fundamental task that the brain
has evolved to solve. One crucial aspect is how the nervous system organizes the …

Diverse locomotor behaviors emerge from the interactions between the spinal central
pattern generator (CPG), descending brain signals and sensory feedback. Salamander …

Spinal cord injury leads to a devastating loss of motor function and yet is accompanied by a
paradoxical emergence of muscle spasms, which often involve complex muscle activation …

Amphibious animals adapt their body coordination to compensate for changing substrate
properties as they transition between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Using …

In vertebrates, stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) on one side evokes
symmetrical locomotor movements on both sides. How this occurs was previously examined …

Recent studies have served to emphasize the unique placement of amphibians, composed
of more than 8000 species, in the evolution of the brain. We provide an overview of the three …