Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a heterogeneous group of
diseases characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons …

The translucent appearance of the conjunctiva allows for immediate visualization of changes
in the circulation of the conjunctival microvasculature consisting of extensive branching of …

The carotid artery should be frequently examined to prevent sudden death by stroke.
However, ultrasonography is limited because medical staff must perform the procedure …

The contribution of choroidal vasculature to the pathogenesis of age-related macular
degeneration (AMD) has been long debated. The present narrative review aims to discuss …

Diabetic choroidopathy was first described on histopathological specimens of diabetic eyes.
This alteration was characterized by the accumulation of PAS-positive material within the …

The extraocular muscles (EOMs) possess unique characteristics that set them apart from
other skeletal muscles. These muscles, responsible for eye movements, exhibit remarkable …

Background So far, few data are available on the relationship between allergic conjunctivitis
(AC) and ocular fundus. Whether retinal parameters change in patients with AC remains …

Background/Objectives: Posterior staphyloma (PS) is a hallmark of pathological myopia,
corresponding to a circumscribed outpouching of the eyeball with choroidal thinning and …

Previous studies have reported an association between pterygia and maculopathy, yet the
underlying mechanisms and alterations to the macular microvasculature in pterygium …

Purpose To evaluate the structural and microvascular changes in the retina and choroid
after strabismus surgery. Methods The study included 44 eyes from 44 patients who …