Ultrasonography (US)-guided procedures such as ethanol ablation, radiofrequency ablation,
laser ablation, selective nerve block, and core needle biopsy have been widely applied in …

Introduction: The eleventh cranial nerve, the accessory nerve, has a complex and unique
anatomy and has been the subject of much debate. Herein, we review the morphology …

Accurate surface anatomy is essential for safe clinical practice. Numerous inconsistencies in
clinically important surface markings exist between and within anatomical reference texts …

With the advent of high-frequency ultrasound (US) transducers, new perspectives have been
opened in evaluating millimetric and submillimetric nerves that, despite their dimensions …

Ultrasound of cranial nerves is a novel subdomain of neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS)
which may provide additional value in the assessment of cranial nerves in different …

The aims of this review were to examine the place of surface anatomy in the medical
literature, particularly the methods and approaches used in teaching surface and living …

Iatrogenic injury of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) is a significant reducible risk with any
invasive procedure involving the posterior cervical triangle. Most commonly associated with …

Anatomical planes used in clinical practice and teaching anatomy are largely derived from
cadaver studies. Numerous inconsistencies in clinically important surface markings exist …

Background The precise surgical anatomy of the lower trapezius tendon transfer has not
been well described. A precise anatomic description of the different trapezius segments and …

This review describes techniques for sonographic evaluation of the brachial plexus and
multiple regional nerve branches in the neck, essential for successful implementation of …