Abstract The Galileo mission to Jupiter revealed that Europa is an ocean world. The Galileo
magnetometer experiment in particular provided strong evidence for a salty subsurface …

Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

Radar sounding is a powerful geophysical approach for characterizing the subsurface
conditions of terrestrial and planetary ice masses at local to global scales. As a result, a wide …

Geological investigations planned for the Europa Clipper mission will examine the
formation, evolution, and expression of geomorphic structures found on the surface …

Abstract The Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface
(REASON) is a dual-frequency ice-penetrating radar (9 and 60 MHz) onboard the Europa …

The composition of impurities in ice controls the stability of liquid water and thus the
distribution of potential aqueous habitats. We present a framework for modeling the brine …

Geophysics-focused missions and improved geophysical data sets are critical for the future
exploration of icy ocean worlds. Of particular interest is the exploration of the Galilean moon …

Enceladus is a dynamic icy moon of Saturn and a leading target for future planetary
missions focused on the search for life beyond Earth. For such missions, instruments that …

Several icy moons and dwarf planets appear to have hosted subsurface liquid water. Liquid
water intruding upwards into the icy outer shells of these worlds freezes, forming ice and …

We present a feasibility study for passive sounding of Uranian icy moons using Uranian
Kilometric Radio (UKR) emissions in the 100–900 kHz band. We provide a summary …