Introduction: Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is the cornerstone of gout management, which is
a widespread chronic illness characterized by hyperuricemia, arthropathy, tophus …

Rheumatologic diseases encompass connective tissue disorders, vasculitides, arthritides,
and immune-mediated diseases. Although the liver is a lymphoid organ exhibiting immune …

Background Idisyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare instance of liver injury after
exposure to an otherwise safe drug or herbal or dietary supplement. DILI can be associated …

Purpose This study aims to systematically review the hepatic safety of febuxostat and
allopurinol in adult gout patients. Methods We searched for information using the following …

A granuloma is a discrete collection of activated macrophages and other inflammatory cells.
Hepatic granulomas can be a manifestation of localized liver disease or be a part of a …

Background The identification of drug side effects plays a critical role in drug repositioning
and drug screening. While clinical experiments yield accurate and reliable information about …

Bisphenol S (BPS) is used as an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) in polycarbonate plastics,
epoxy resins and thermal receipt sheet manufacturing. We examined the toxic effects of BPS …

Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of uric acid.
Inhibiting this enzyme can diminish the production of uric acid. Caryophyllene is a type 2 …

Methods: A narrative, focused literature review was performed of English language
resources using PubMed, OMIM, ScienceDirect, and Google. References published from …

Allopurinol is used to reduce total uric acid levels in the body into oxypurinol which can
inhibit xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol inhibits the precursors of uric acid formation, xanthine …