All animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal
physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on …

Animals evaluate and respond to their social environment with adaptive decisions.
Revealing the neural mechanisms of such decisions is a major goal in biology. We analyzed …

Each amphibian species is evolutionarily distinct, having developed highly specialized and
diverse reproductive strategies in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. These unique …

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic compounds that are a major public
health concern due to widespread use, long environmental and biological half-lives …

Goal-directed learning is a key contributor to evolutionary fitness in animals. The neural
mechanisms that mediate learning often involve the neuromodulator dopamine. In higher …

Background: Increased oxidative stress is strongly implicated in bipolar disorder (BD), where
protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to DNA have been consistently …

Across vertebrates, ovulation and sperm release are primarily triggered by the timed surge
of luteinizing hormone (LH). These key reproductive events are governed by the action of …

Background Amphibian declines are now recognized globally. It is also well known that
many anurans do not reproduce easily in captivity, especially when held over long periods …

Abstract The monoaminergic neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is known to be
involved in several physiological, behavioural and neuroendocrine functions in vertebrates …

Estradiol plays an important role in mediating changes in female sexual behavior across
reproductive cycles. In the túngara frog [Physalaemus (= Engystomops) pustulosus], the …