Pulmonary granulomas are widely considered the epicenters of the immune response to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Recent animal …

Immunotherapy that includes programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-
ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors has …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer treatment. However, immune-
related adverse events (irAEs) are a common side effect which can mimic infection …

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains difficult to diagnose and to treat. Most
common risk factors are prolonged neutropenia, hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ …

Tuberculosis, the leading cause of infection-related death in developing regions, is a
leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Screening for, and treatment of, latent …

Objectives In this study, we conducted a systematic review to determine tuberculosis (TB)
incidence due to immunotherapy with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD ligand …

Background An amassing body of evidence exists to support an association between the
use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the development of tuberculosis (TB) …

Glucocorticoids are widespread anti-inflammatory medications used in medical practice. The
immunosuppressive effects of systemic glucocorticoids and increased susceptibility to …

Lung cancer is the top reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. The 5-year overall
survival rate of lung cancer is approximately 20% due to the delayed diagnosis and low …

Simple Summary Today, most patients with metastatic renal cancer receive systemic
treatment with so-called immune-checkpoint inhibitors that shall activate a patient's immune …