Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease with no cure and high morbidity and
mortality that occurs commonly in the general adult population, especially in people with …

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic, chronic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and
elevated blood glucose levels. Although a large drug portfolio exists to keep the blood …

Background In a randomized, controlled trial that compared liraglutide, a glucagon-like
peptide 1 analogue, with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular …

Background Diabetes confers an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular and renal events.
In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes substantial global morbidity and increases
cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Unlike other chronic diseases with established …

Background Intensive glucose control is understood to prevent complications in adults with
type 2 diabetes. We aimed to more precisely estimate the effects of more intensive glucose …

The kidney is arguably the most important target of microvascular damage in diabetes. A
substantial proportion of individuals with diabetes will develop kidney disease owing to their …

Background Oral semaglutide is the first oral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor
agonist for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is commonly …

There is currently an unmet need for better biomarkers across the spectrum of renal
diseases. In this paper, we revisit the role of beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) as a biomarker in …

Importance In the coming decades, the population of older adults with type 2 diabetes
mellitus is expected to grow substantially. Understanding the clinical course of diabetes in …