For over 20 years, bovine beta-casein has been a subject of increasing scientific interest
because its genetic A1 variant during gastrointestinal digestion releases opioid-like peptide …

Although milk consumption is increasing worldwide, in some geographical regions, its
consumption has persistently declined in recent decades. This fact, together with the …

Diet has been shown to play an important role in maintaining normal homeostasis in the
human body. Milk and milk products are a major component of the Western diet, but their …

Background A number of randomised in vivo trials have to date investigated the health
impacts of the genetic variants A1 and A2 of bovine β-casein. The primary difference …

Context Various epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between exposure
to cow's milk A1 β-casein protein and risk for noncommunicable chronic diseases. The …

Milk proteins are a heterogeneous group of polymeric compounds that have a wide range of
different molecular structures and properties. They occur as caseins, whey proteins …

The possible adverse effect of consuming bovine milk with A1 β-casein (but not with A2 β-
casein) on health aspects due to the release of β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) is currently under …

Proteins are a very diverse family of large organic compounds involved in many important
biological processes. Following their enzymatic hydrolysis during food processing or …

The A1 variant protein of the β-casein family has been implicated in various disease states
although much evidence is weak or contradictory. The primary objective was to measure, for …

Milk protein genes are known to be highly polymorphic. Several studies have shown the
influence of milk proteins genetic variants and casein haplotypes on milk nutritional and …