Although the robustness of indirect methods is enhanced by the homotopic approach and
switching detection technique when applied to fuel-optimal low-thrust trajectory optimization …

INTERPLANETARY exploration with ion thrusters has been attracting much attention in
recent decades, owing to the specific impulse of an ion thruster generally 10 times higher …

In this paper, neural networks are trained to learn the optimal time, the initial costates, and
the optimal control law of time-optimal low-thrust interplanetary trajectories. The aim is to …

In this work, end-to-end low-thrust transfers from a GTO orbit to a low-altitude lunar orbit by
exploiting the manifolds of a chosen Earth–Moon L 1 halo orbit has been studied. The …

Solving minimum-time low-thrust orbital transfer problems in the three-body problem by
indirect methods is an extremely difficult task, which is mainly due to the small convergence …

The homotopy method has been used as a useful tool in solving fuel-optimal trajectories
with constant-specific-impulse low thrust. However, the specific impulse is often variable for …

In this paper, the finite thrust nonplanar transfer and cooperative rendezvous are
investigated. The indirect method is adopted in the optimization process. The energy-optimal …

Nonlinear optimal control problems are challenging to solve due to the prevalence of local
minima that prevent convergence and/or optimality. This paper describes nearest-neighbors …

A deep-space exploration mission with low-thrust propulsion to rendezvous with multiple
asteroids is investigated. Indirect methods, based on the optimal control theory, are …

Long-term capture of near-Earth asteroids to Sun-Earth L 1/L 2 libration point orbits using a
lunar flyby and station-keeping maneuvers is investigated in this paper. The model of the …