The frequently studied polysaccharide, chitosan oligosaccharide/chitooligosaccharide
(COS) is the major degradation product of chitosan/chitin via chemical hydrolysis or …

Potential drug–drug interactions mediated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter
and solute carrier (SLC) transporter families are of clinical and regulatory concern. However …

This review addresses the oncopharmacological properties of curcumin at the molecular
level. First, the interactions between curcumin and its molecular targets are addressed on …

The liver represents a major eliminating and detoxifying organ, determining exposure to
endogenous compounds, drugs, and other xenobiotics. Drug transporters (DTs) and drug …

Uptake and efflux transporters determine plasma and tissue concentrations of a broad
variety of drugs. They are localized in organs such as small intestine, liver, and kidney …

The proximal tubule of the kidney plays a crucial role in the renal handling of drugs (eg,
diuretics), uremic toxins (eg, indoxyl sulfate), environmental toxins (eg, mercury, aristolochic …

The kidney proximal tubule is the primary site in the nephron for excretion of waste products
through a combination of active uptake and secretory processes and is also a primary target …

Among the organs in which the environmental pollutant cadmium causes toxicity, the kidney
has gained the most attention in recent years. Numerous studies have sought to unravel the …

The kidney is a vital organ for the elimination of therapeutic drugs and their metabolites.
Renal drug transporters, which are primarily located in the renal proximal tubules, play an …

Many xenobiotics including the pharmacoenhancer cobicistat increase serum creatinine by
inhibiting its renal active tubular secretion without affecting the glomerular filtration rate. This …