Communication between plant cells and interacting microorganisms requires the secretion
and uptake of functional molecules to and from the extracellular environment and is …

An effective immune response requires the engagement of host receptors by pathogen‐
derived molecules and the stimulation of an appropriate cellular response. Therefore, a …

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the two etiologic agents of
cryptococcosis. They belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and can be readily distinguished …

It is known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from cells of almost every type of cell or
organism, showing their ubiquity in all empires of life. EVs are defined as naturally released …

Melanin is a unique pigment with myriad functions that is found in all biological kingdoms. It
is multifunctional, providing defense against environmental stresses such as ultraviolet (UV) …

The production of melanin significantly enhances the virulence of many important human
pathogenic fungi. Despite fungal melanin's importance in human disease, as well as …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered much interest in the cell biology and biomedical
research fields. Many studies have reported the existence of EVs in all types of living cells …

The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is characterized by its ability to
induce a distinct polysaccharide capsule in response to a number of host-specific …

The capsule of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans has been studied extensively
in recent decades and a large body of information is now available to the scientific …

Cryptococcus neoformans is generally considered to be an opportunistic fungal pathogen
because of its tendency to infect immunocompromised individuals, particularly those …