Interleukin-21 is a cytokine with broad pleiotropic actions that affect the differentiation and
function of lymphoid and myeloid cells. Since its discovery in 2000, a tremendous amount …

The granzymes are cell death–inducing enzymes, stored in the cytotoxic granules of
cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, that are released during granule exocytosis …

IL15 is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple roles that improve immune responses to tumor
cells. Oncolytic viruses (OV) specifically lyse tumors and activate immune responses …

Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma,
autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections …

Abstract The programmed death (PD)-1 molecule and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2),
negative regulatory members of the B7 family, play an important role in peripheral tolerance …

Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a potent immunomodulatory four-α-helical-bundle type I cytokine, is
produced by NKT and CD4+ T cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive …

Immunotherapy of cancer has made tremendous progress in recent years, as demonstrated
by the remarkable clinical responses obtained from adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of patient …

Resting CD4+ T-cells harboring inducible HIV proviruses are a critical reservoir in
antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated subjects. These cells express little to no viral protein, and …

Abstract Background Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is
characterised by severe prolonged fatigue, and decreases in cognition and other …

Viral infections cause an immunological disequilibrium that provokes CD8 T cell responses.
These cells play critical roles in purging acute infections, limiting persistent infections, and …