Background: An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the first-line vascular access pathway for
patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In planning vascular access, it is …

Malnutrition and immunologic derangement were not uncommon in patients with chronic
kidney disease (CKD). However, the long-term effects of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) …

Aims Microinflammation and malnutrition are common in individuals with type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to validate whether prognostic nutritional index (PNI) may …

Malnutrition persists as one of the most severe symptoms in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD) globally. It is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in …

Nutritional status is a predictor of adverse outcomes and mortality in patients with advanced
chronic kidney disease (ACKD). This study aimed to explore and evaluate risk factors …

Introduction As a composite immunonutritional biomarker, the Hemoglobin, Albumin,
Lymphocyte, Platelet (HALP) score has shown promise in assessing a patient's overall …

Objective The available evidence regarding the association of immune nutrition status with
chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited. Thus, the present study examined whether …

Background & aims The imbalance of nutrition-immunity-inflammation status might be
associated with the mortality risk in the elderly. This study aimed to assess the relationship …

Background and Objectives: In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a major problem in patients
undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a …

Background Nutrition and immunity play an important role in many chronic diseases. The
prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been proposed as a comprehensive indicator of an …