Background Laparoscopic surgery is associated with reduced surgical trauma, and therefore
with a less acute phase response, as compared with open surgery. Impairment of the …

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is believed to lessen surgical trauma and so cause less
disturbance of immune function. This may contribute to the rapid recovery noted after many …

Since its first publication in 1936, Sabiston Textbook of Surgery has been regarded as the
preeminent source for definitive guidance in all areas of general surgery. The 20th edition …

Background: The pneumoperitoneum is the crucial element in laparoscopic surgery.
Different clinical problems are associated with this procedure, which has led to various …

BACKGROUND: Concerns about port site metastases have limited the application of
minimally invasive surgery for intra-abdominal malignancies. The purpose of this review …

Surgical manipulation of the gut elicits an inflammatory cascade within the intestinal
muscularis that contributes to postoperative bowel dysmotility. A range of cytokines is …

Abstract Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is currently the insufflation gas of choice for
laparoscopy. It fulfills most of the requirements for an ideal insufflation gas, being colorless …

Background Recent evidence suggests that the use of carbon dioxide to create a
pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy can lead to adverse structural, metabolic, and …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a devastating disease that causes substantial
morbidity and mortality. Mechanical ventilation can worsen lung injury, whereas ventilatory …

Traditional major open abdominal operations have potent effects on the immune system.
Specifically, surgical trauma induces an inflammatory state characterized by the release of …