The TGF-β signaling pathway plays a crucial role in several key aspects of development and
tissue homeostasis. TGF-β ligands and their mediators have been shown to be important …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment. It is
characterised by damage to a tissue complex composed of the retinal pigment epithelium …

Objective To evaluate the 24-month efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg
and 2.0 mg administered monthly or as needed (pro re nata [PRN]) in patients with …

Molecular medicine has entered a high-tech age that provides curative treatments of
complex genetic diseases through genetically engineered cellular medicinal products. Their …

Vision is the sense that we use to navigate the world around us. Thus it is not surprising that
blindness is one of people's most feared maladies. Heritable diseases of the retina, such as …

This work reviews concepts regarding oxidative stress and the mechanisms by which
endogenous and exogenous factors produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also surveys …

Pathological angiogenesis of the retina is a key component of irreversible causes of
blindness, as observed in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular …

In this review we will discuss the links between autophagy, a mechanism involved in the
maintenance of cellular homeostasis and controlling cellular waste management, and the …

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease in which an
individual's genetic predisposition is affected by aging and environmental stresses, which …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe vision impairment
in Western populations over 55 years. A growing number of gene variants have been …