Most infectious agents enter the body at mucosal surfaces and therefore mucosal immune
responses function as a first line of defence. Protective mucosal immune responses are most …

The description of highly exposed individuals who remain seronegative (HESN) despite
repeated exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 has heightened interest in …

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is particularly common in black women, and in Nigeria it is often
caused by Mycoplasma, as well as Atopobium, Prevotella and Gardnerella sp. Antimicrobial …

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses peak coincident with the decline in acute HIV
viremia. Despite two reports of CTL-resistant HIV variants emerging during acute infection …

The predominance of HIV-1 sexual transmission requires a greater understanding of the
interaction between HIV-1 and the mucosal immune system. The study of HIV-1-exposed …

The Th1/Th2 balance plays a crucial role in the progression of different pathologies and is a
determining factor in the evolution of infectious diseases. This work has aimed to evaluate …

The initial site of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 during heterosexual
transmission occurs in the genital tract. Although the majority of immunological studies have …

The biological correlates of an effective immune response that could contain or prevent HIV
infection remain elusive despite substantial scientific accomplishments in understanding the …

An ideal vaccine is relatively easy to define, but few real vaccines approach the ideal and no
vaccines exist for many organisms, for which a vaccine is the only realistic protective …

CD8+ T‐lymphocyte responses are crucial to the control of HIV‐1; therefore, studying the
CD8+ immune response in a naturally resistant population could provide valuable insights …