Epistasis occurs when the effect of a mutation depends on its carrier's genetic background.
Despite increasing evidence that epistasis for fitness is common, its role during evolution is …

The same mutation can have different effects in different individuals. One important reason
for this is that the outcome of a mutation can depend on the genetic context in which it …

Modeling the effect of sequence variation on function is a fundamental problem for
understanding and designing proteins. Since evolution encodes information about function …

Predicting the effects of mutations in proteins is critical to many applications, from
understanding genetic disease to designing novel proteins to address our most pressing …

The ability to design functional sequences and predict effects of variation is central to protein
engineering and biotherapeutics. State-of-art computational methods rely on models that …

Epistatic interactions can make the outcomes of evolution unpredictable, but no
comprehensive data are available on the extent and temporal dynamics of changes in the …

Protein engineering often targets binding pockets or active sites which are enriched in
epistasis—nonadditive interactions between amino acid substitutions—and where the …

How complex are the rules by which a protein's sequence determines its function? High-
order epistatic interactions among residues are thought to be pervasive, suggesting an …

The plethora of biological functions that sustain life is rooted in the remarkable evolvability of
proteins. An emerging view highlights the importance of a protein's initial state in dictating …

Epistasis can markedly affect evolutionary trajectories. In recent decades, protein-level
fitness landscapes have revealed extensive idiosyncratic epistasis among specific …