In sexually dimorphic species, males and females may select different habitat for greater
fitness. However, the key factors that play a leading role between sexes in habitat selection …

Sexual competition is increasingly recognized as an important selective pressure driving
species distributions. However, few studies have investigated the relative importance of …

More in-depth knowledge is required regarding the diet composition and food preferences of
ungulates to improve our understanding of their different feeding strategies and mechanisms …

Mountain ungulates perform a key role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems as they are
the primary consumers of vegetation and prey for large predators. The mountain ranges of …

A study on group size and composition in Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica) was conducted in
the Eastern Tien-Shan Mountains. We found that small groups (1-5 individuals) were most …

Highlights•Studies on sexual segregation mostly focus on highly sexual size-dimorphic
species.•High degree of sexual segregation was found in a less size-dimorphic …

Reproductive phenology (timing) is a heritable trait that confers a range of fitness or survival
advantages. Giraffe (Giraffa spp.) breed year-round; however, some studies have suggested …

Gregarious prey species modify their behaviours in response to predation risk in two ways:
by increasing vigilance level or enlarging herd size. However, individuals of various sex and …

Sexual segregation is widespread across the animal kingdom, yet there is limited consensus
on the factors that shape this behavioural phenomenon. Many of the existing theories are …

Group-size variation has been examined within a framework of costs and benefits to
ecological factors such as food limitations and risks from predators. Social interactions …