Until recently, deep-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera, the largest single radiation of plant-
feeding insects, was very poorly understood. Over the past two decades, building on a …

For centuries, biologists have used phenotypes to infer evolution. For decades, a handful of
gene markers have given us a glimpse of the genotype to combine with phenotypic traits …

Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known,
the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most …

Background In the mega-diverse insect order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths; 165,000
described species), deeper relationships are little understood within the clade Ditrysia, to …

With the aim of supporting ecological analyses in butterflies, the third most species-rich
superfamily of Lepidoptera, this paper presents the first time-calibrated phylogeny of all 496 …

Our expanded efforts in genomic sequencing to cover additional skipper butterfly
(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) species and populations, including primary type specimens, call …

We propose a revised higher classification for the genera of Hesperiidae (skipper butterflies)
of the world. We have augmented our published DNA data matrix with 49 morphological …

Genomic sequencing and analysis of worldwide skipper butterfly (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
fauna points to imperfections in their current classification. Some tribes, subtribes and …

The classification, taxonomy, distribution, spread, food plants, early stages, natural enemies
and biological control of South-East Asian Erionota spp.(Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, incertae …

Abstract Background Butterflies (Papilionoidea) are perhaps the most charismatic insect
lineage, yet phylogenetic relationships among them remain incompletely studied and …