In the United States, lung cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer and the
leading cause of cancer-related death. Although tobacco smoking is the major risk factor …

Importance Immune regulation is important for carcinogenesis; however, the cancer risk
profiles associated with immune-mediated diseases need further characterization. Objective …

Epidemiological and clinical studies have linked exposure to particulate matter (PM) to
adverse health effects, which may be registered as increased mortality and morbidity from …

Screening with low-dose computed tomography of high-risk individuals with a smoking
history reduces lung cancer mortality. Current screening guidelines and eligibility criteria …

Purpose Cannabis (marijuana) smoke and tobacco smoke contain many of the same potent
carcinogens, but a critical—yet unresolved—medical and public-health issue is whether …

Rationale: Previous respiratory diseases have been associated with increased risk of lung
cancer. Respiratory conditions often co-occur and few studies have investigated multiple …

Rationale: Asthma is associated with complications, cardiovascular comorbidities, and
higher mortality in some individuals. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that, among …

Smoking is one of the major global causes of death. Cigarette smoke and secondhand
(passive) smoke have been causally related to asthma and lung cancer. Asthma is a …

To assess directly the effects of various risk factors on lung cancer incidence among never
smokers, large prospective studies are needed. In a cohort of 1.2 million UK women without …

Identification of high-risk individuals will facilitate early diagnosis, reduce overall costs, and
also improve the current poor survival from lung cancer. The Liverpool Lung Project …