We review the origin and evolution of the atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars from the
time when their accreting bodies were released from the protoplanetary disk a few million …

Characterizing the atmospheres of extrasolar planets is the new frontier in exoplanetary
science. The last two decades of exoplanet discoveries have revealed that exoplanets are …

Methane has been proposed as an exoplanet biosignature. Imminent observations with the
James Webb Space Telescope may enable methane detections on potentially habitable …

The population of planets smaller than approximately 1.7 Earth radii (R⊕) is widely
interpreted as consisting of rocky worlds, generally referred to as super-Earths. This picture …

Super-Earths–planets with sizes between the Earth and Neptune–are found in tighter orbits
than that of the Earth around more than one third of main sequence stars. It has been …

The origin of life on Earth seems to demand a highly reduced early atmosphere, rich in CH
4, H 2, and NH 3, but geological evidence suggests that Earth's mantle has always been …

Atmospheric xenon is strongly mass fractionated, the result of a process that apparently
continued through the Archean and perhaps beyond. Previous models that explain Xe …

The field of exoplanet atmospheric characterization has recently made considerable
advances with the advent of high-resolution spectroscopy from large ground-based …

The timing of delivery and the types of body that contributed volatiles to the terrestrial planets
remain highly debated,. For example, it is unknown if differentiated bodies, such as that …

The current state and surface conditions of the Earth and its twin planet Venus are drastically
different. Whether these differences are directly inherited from the earliest stages of …