Earth has been habitable for 4.3 billion years, and the earliest rock record indicates the
presence of a microbial biosphere by at least 3.4 billion years ago—and disputably earlier …

Cyanobacteria played an important role in the evolution of Early Earth and the biosphere.
They are responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans since the Great …

Energy conversion of sunlight by photosynthetic organisms has changed Earth and life on it.
Photosynthesis arose early in Earth's history, and the earliest forms of photosynthetic life …

Analyses by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) of 11 specimens of five taxa of
prokaryotic filamentous kerogenous cellular microfossils permineralized in a petrographic …

Geothermics is an area of geophysics that studies the thermal state and history of the interior
of the Earth. Solar heat penetrates only into the topmost layers of the Earth's crust. Diurnal …

Microfossils, stromatolites, preserved lipids and biologically informative isotopic ratios
provide a substantial record of bacterial diversity and biogeochemical cycles in Proterozoic …

New analytical approaches and discoveries are demanding fresh thinking about the early
fossil record. The 1.88-Ga Gunflint chert provides an important benchmark for the analysis of …

Here we review published studies on the abundance and diversity of terrestrial rock-hosted
life, the environments it inhabits, the evolution of its metabolisms, and its fossil biomarkers to …

Archean hydrothermal environments formed a likely site for the origin and early evolution of
life. These are also the settings, however, were complex abiologic structures can form. Low …

The abundant and diverse assemblage of filamentous microbial fossils and associated
organic matter permineralized in the~ 3465Ma Apex chert of northwestern Australia—widely …