Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and the major cause of adult physical
disability worldwide. The currently available treatment to recanalize the blood flow in acute …

Antibodies and antibody-derived macromolecules have established themselves as the
mainstay in protein-based therapeutic molecules (biologics). Our knowledge of the structure …

Since its discovery in 1975, TNFα has been a subject of intense study as it plays significant
roles in both immunity and cancer. Such attention is well deserved as TNFα is unique in its …

Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine. First recognized as an
endogenous soluble factor that induces necrosis of solid tumours, TNF became increasingly …

Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators and vice versa.
Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity and …

Recently, the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with
advanced cancer has been significantly improved due to the application of immune …

Herpes simplex encephalitis is a life-threatening disease of the central nervous system
caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSVs). Following standard of care with antiviral acyclovir …

Adult stem cells (SCs) transit between the cell cycle and a poorly defined quiescent state.
Single neural SCs (NSCs) with quiescent, primed-for-activation, and activated cell …

Myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative neoplasms
(MPNs), and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), feature clonal dominance and remodeling …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents chronic recurrent intestinal inflammation
resulting from various factors. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have been …