Ocean acidification (OA) arises as a consequence of excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) inputs
into the ocean, a situation further exacerbated by anthropogenic gas emissions. Predictions …

Recent shifts in the geographic distribution of marine species have been linked to shifts in
preferred thermal habitats. These shifts in distribution have already posed challenges for …

Climate change may impact ocean ecosystems through a number of mechanisms, including
shifts in primary productivity or plankton community structure, ocean acidification, and …

FIG. S2. 10. Temperature trends (C decade–1) for the tropics at various tropospheric levels
for 1979–2016. The top box indicates trends for the tropical atmospheric layer known as the …

Stock assessment models often assume natural mortality rates (M) are constant and attribute
the variability in a stock's overall mortality rate to variability in fishing mortality and …

Recent research has quantified the contributions of CO2 and CH4 emissions traced to the
products of major fossil fuel companies and cement manufacturers to global atmospheric …

Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of the ocean considers all impacts on and uses of
marine and coastal systems. In recent years, there has been a heightened interest in EBM …

Numerical models of ecological systems are increasingly used to address complex
environmental and resource management questions. One challenge for scientists …

Ocean acidification (OA) is increasing predictably in the global ocean as rising levels of
atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to higher oceanic concentrations of inorganic carbon. The …

To predict the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and the effectiveness of
intervention and mitigation strategies, we need reliable marine ecosystem response models …