All eukaryotes rely on selective proteolysis to control the abundance of key regulatory
proteins and maintain a healthy and properly functioning proteome. Most of this turnover is …

The proteasome is an abundant multi-enzyme complex that provides the main pathway for
degradation of intracellular proteins in eukaryotic cells. As such, it controls the levels of …

The dipeptide boronic acid bortezomib, also termed VELCADE®, is a proteasome inhibitor
now in use for the treatment of multiple myeloma, and its use for the treatment of other …

Proteasomes degrade a multitude of protein substrates in the cytosol and nucleus, and
thereby are essential for many aspects of cellular function. Because the proteolytic sites are …

The relative importance of the different proteolytic sites in mammalian proteasomes in
protein degradation has not been studied systematically. Nevertheless, it is widely assumed …

Principles of intracellular protein synthesis and protein degradation remain to be among the
most challenging questions of modern cell biology. Proteolysis plays an important role in …

Long glutamine sequences (polyQ) occur in many cell proteins, and several
neurodegenerative diseases result from expansion of these sequences. PolyQ-containing …

Many members of the heat shock protein family act in unison to refold or degrade misfolded
proteins. Some heat shock proteins also directly interfere with apoptosis. These homeostatic …

Plants have developed their own defense strategies because they have no immune cells. A
common plant defense strategy involves programmed cell death (PCD) at the infection site …

Eukaryotic proteasomes have three different types of active sites: two chymotrypsin‐like, two
trypsin‐like, and two caspase‐like (also termed PGPH) sites that differ in their specificity …