Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

The iodothyronine deiodinases initiate or terminate thyroid hormone action and therefore
are critical for the biological effects mediated by thyroid hormone. Over the years, research …

Background: A number of recent advances in our understanding of thyroid physiology may
shed light on why some patients feel unwell while taking levothyroxine monotherapy. The …

TRH is a tripeptide amide that functions as a neurotransmitter but also serves as a
neurohormone that has a critical role in the central regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary …

Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for an adequate growth and development of the
kidney. Conversely, the kidney is not only an organ for metabolism and elimination of TH …

Thyroid hormone deficiency can have important repercussions. Treatment with thyroid
hormone in replacement doses is essential in patients with hypothyroidism. In this review …

Molecular mechanisms regulating animal seasonal breeding in response to changing
photoperiod are not well understood. Rapid induction of gene expression of thyroid …

Particulate composites with A356 aluminium alloy as a matrix were produced by
compocasting process using ceramic particles (Al2O3, SiC) and graphite particles. The …

The metabolic support of the critically ill patient is a relatively new target of active research
and little is as yet known about the effects of critical illness on metabolism. The nonthyroidal …

Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is a state of low serum 3, 5, 3′ triiodothyronine (T3)
that occurs in chronically ill patients; the degree of reduction in T3 is associated with overall …